Wednesday, April 25, 2018

Calculation of an electromagnetic transient, produced by an electron coherent hopping current generated by the DNA damage, which is able to induce long-range activation (phosphorylation) of repair proteins almost instantly

The physical nature of mechanisms by which cells sense radiation-induced DNAstrand breaks remains to be elucidated. 

The fast induction of, for example, ATM kinase activity immediately after exposure to ionizing radiation, suggests that it acts at an early stage of signal transduction. 

Existing data indicate that ATM activation is not dependent on direct binding to strand breaks. 

However, some fundamental questions are still not responded to, such as: how ATM directly senses structure disruption in “relaxed” chromatin, and which factors determine the impressive speed and extent of the ATM response. 

Here, a biophysical model for the signaling mechanism of both the instant activation of repair proteins, and the recognition of a few DNA breaks by these proteins within the entire genome is proposed. 

The model allows for the calculation of an electromagnetic transient, produced by an electron coherent hopping current generated by the DNA damage, which is able to induce long-range activation (phosphorylation) of repair proteins almost instantly. 

Existing experimental evidence verifying this approach is discussed. 

The possible role of this study in stimulating and orientating novel applications in medical physics, as e.g. radiotherapy, is, furthermore, addressed

The likely source of magnetosensitivity in photolyase repair: the pyrimidine dimer

This exhaustive article is exciting, regarding DNA repair (cpd repair reaction in particular):

These results clearly illustrate that the CPD reaction is sensitive to low magnetic field strengths and field direction. These data are reminiscent of experiments carried out by N. J. Turro, who established conditions critical for observation of reactions controlled by weak magnetic fields.(11) What is required is a competition between two processes: one that is magnetic field dependent and one that is magnetic field independent. Figure 5 illustrates the CPD repair reaction carried out by photolyase.(12) Here radical pair formation followed by electron transfer leads either to separation of the two repaired thymines or to futile back electron transfer without repair. Thus, the magnetic field dependent radical pair affects the efficiency of the subsequent bond-breaking repair reaction.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00008

Intense terahertz pulses cause DNA damage but also induce DNA repair

The researchers confirmed that these cellular repair mechanisms were taking place by detecting an elevated presence of multiple proteins that play vital roles in DNA repair, including protein p53 (often called "a guardian of the genome"); p21, which works to stop cell division to allow time for repair; protein Ku70, which helps reconnect the broken DNA strands; and several other important cell proteins with known tumor-suppressor roles. These observations indicate that exposure to intense THz pulses activates cellular mechanisms that repair DNA damage. 
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130314111816.htm

The notion that bacteria can transmit radio waves is controversial. But physicists now say they know how it could be done

On the face of it, this seems an unlikely proposition. Natural sources of radio waves include lightning, stars and pulsars while artificial sources include radar, mobile phones and computers. This is a diverse list. So it’s hard to see what these things might have in common with bacteria that could be responsible for making radio waves.
But today, Allan Widom at Northeastern University in Boston and a few pals, say they’ve worked out how it could be done.
They point out that many types of bacterial DNA take the form of circular loops. So they’ve modelled the behaviour of free electrons moving around such a small loop, pointing out that, as quantum objects, the electrons can take certain energy levels.
Widom and co calculate that the transition frequencies between these energy levels correspond to radio signals broadcast at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 kilohertz. And they point out that exactly this kind of signal has been measured in E Coli bacteria.

Tuesday, April 17, 2018

Electric Fields Have Potential As A Cancer Treatment

Low-intensity electric fields can disrupt the division of cancer cells and slow the growth of brain tumors, suggest laboratory experiments and a small human trial, raising hopes that electric fields will become a new weapon for stalling the progression of cancer.
The research, performed by an international team led by Yoram Palti of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, is explained in the August issue of Physics Today.
In the studies, the research team uses alternating electric fields that jiggle electrically charged particles in cells back and forth hundreds of thousands of times per second. The electric fields have an intensity of only one or two volts per centimeter. Such low-intensity alternating electric fields were once believed to do nothing significant other than heat cells. However, in several years' worth of experiments, the researchers have shown that the fields disrupt cell division in tumor cells placed on a glass dish (in vitro).
After intensively studying this effect in vitro and in laboratory animals, the researchers started a small human clinical trial to test its cancer-fighting ability. The technique was applied to ten human patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a form of brain cancer with a very low survival rate. All the patients had their earlier tumors treated by other methods, but the cancer had started to recur in all cases.

Magnetic Cationic Liposomes for Targeting Tumor Microvasculature

A popular way to attack malignant tumors is using cationic liposomes as drug delivery systems. Their task is to target tumor vasculature while affecting as little of the healthy tissue as possible. In order to improve the targeting efficiency, Northeastern University Assistant Professor Robert B. Campbell, along with his Ph.D. student, Suman Dandamudi have been working to develop a more specific drug delivery vehicle by combining the electrostatic properties of cationic liposomes with the strength of an externally applied magnet field. Their article describing Phase I of their research, titled “Development and Characterization of Magnetic Cationic Liposomes for Targeting Tumor Microvasculature” appeared in the 2007 March issue of BBA (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta), published by ScienceDirect.
“The ultimate goal is to get the chemotherapeutic drugs directly to the tumor blood vessels and avoid uptake by the healthy tissue,” says Robert B. Campbell, Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Northeastern’s Bouve College of Health Sciences. “Cationic liposomes preferentially target tumor vessels but do accumulate in some normal healthy tissues as well. Our research suggests that attracting our cationic liposomes (containing magnetite) to the tumor vasculature with a magnet can in fact improve overall distribution in tumors and thereby limit their uptake by the healthy tissue.”

Wednesday, April 11, 2018

Magnetic and Electric Effects on Water

Considering we are mostly water, this should be pertinent, especially due to the exhaustive scientific discourse, explanations, references, etc.  I contacted the author to thank him for his comprehensive work, everything you wanted to know about the interaction of magnetism and water:

http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/magnetic_electric_effects.html