Electro-informational transfer of retinoic acid influencing human neuroblastoma cells and stem teratocarcinoma cells

ABSTRACT

Experimental evidence has accumulated to suggest that biologically efficacious informational effects can be derived mimicking active compounds solely through electromagnetic distribution upon aqueous systems affecting biological systems. Empirically rigorous demonstrations of antimicrobial agent associated electromagnetic informational inhibition of MRSA, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans and a host of other important and various reported effects have been evidenced, such as the electro-informational transfer of retinoic acid influencing human neuroblastoma cells and stem teratocarcinoma cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation effects from informationally affected fields interactive with aqueous systems are measured via microscopy, statistical analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and other techniques. Information associated with chemical compounds affects biological aqueous systems, sans direct systemic exposure to the source molecule. This is a quantum effect, based on the interactivity between electromagnetic fields, and aqueous ordered coherence domains. The encoding of aqueous systems and tissue by photonic transfer and instantiation of information rather than via direct exposure to potentially toxic drugs and physical substances holds clear promise of creating inexpensive non-toxic medical treatments.

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=68414

BEMER Electromagnetic Field Therapy Reduces Cancer Cell Radioresistance by Enhanced ROS Formation and Induced DNA Damage

Abstract

Each year more than 450,000 Germans are expected to be diagnosed with cancer subsequently receiving standard multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On top, molecular-targeted agents are increasingly administered. Owing to intrinsic and acquired resistance to these therapeutic approaches, both the better molecular understanding of tumor biology and the consideration of alternative and complementary therapeutic support are warranted and open up broader and novel possibilities for therapy personalization. Particularly the latter is underpinned by the increasing utilization of non-invasive complementary and alternative medicine by the population. One investigated approach is the application of low-dose electromagnetic fields (EMF) to modulate cellular processes. A particular system is the BEMER therapy as a Physical Vascular Therapy for which a normalization of the microcirculation has been demonstrated by a low-frequency, pulsed EMF pattern. Open remains whether this EMF pattern impacts on cancer cell survival upon treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and the molecular-targeted agent Cetuximab inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Using more physiological, three-dimensional, matrix-based cell culture models and cancer cell lines originating from lung, head and neck, colorectal and pancreas, we show significant changes in distinct intermediates of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and enhanced cancer cell radiosensitization associated with increased DNA double strand break numbers and higher levels of reactive oxygen species upon BEMER treatment relative to controls. Intriguingly, exposure of cells to the BEMER EMF pattern failed to result in sensitization to chemotherapy and Cetuximab. Further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms underlying the cellular alterations induced by the BEMER EMF pattern and to clarify the application areas for human disease.

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167931

Effects of alternating magnetic field (12 gauss) on transplanted neuroblastoma

Abstract

Exposure of A/J animals bearing transplanted neuroblastoma (C1300) to a 12 Gauss, 60Hz magnetic field for 16 days, starting 3 days post transplant resulted in - (a) early slowing of tumor growth, (b) more free red blood cells in the tumor areas and (c) a tendency to focal tumor cell destruction suggesting that a small alternating magnetic field may affect transplanted tumor growth.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/847289

Selective susceptibility to nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) across different human cell types.

Abstract

Tumor ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) is an emerging therapeutic modality. We compared nsPEF cytotoxicity for human cell lines of cancerous (IMR-32, Hep G2, HT-1080, and HPAF-II) and non-cancerous origin (BJ and MRC-5) under strictly controlled and identical conditions. Adherent cells were uniformly treated by 300-ns PEF (0-2000 pulses, 1.8 kV/cm, 50 Hz) on indium tin oxide-covered glass coverslips, using the same media and serum. Cell survival plotted against the number of pulses displayed three distinct regions (initial resistivity, logarithmic survival decline, and residual resistivity) for all tested cell types, but with differences in LD₅₀ spanning as much as nearly 80-fold. The non-cancerous cells were less sensitive than IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells but more vulnerable than the other cancers tested. The cytotoxic efficiency showed no apparent correlation with cell or nuclear size, cell morphology, metabolism level, or the extent of membrane disruption by nsPEF. Increasing pulse duration to 9 µs (0.75 kV/cm, 5 Hz) produced a different selectivity pattern, suggesting that manipulation of PEF parameters can, at least for certain cancers, overcome their resistance to nsPEF ablation. Identifying mechanisms and cell markers of differential nsPEF susceptibility will critically contribute to the proper choice and outcome of nsPEF ablation therapies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986976

Relevant publication - Electron Spin Interactions in Chemistry and Biology

To understand how magnetic fields affect biological cells, consult this book:
Electron Spin Interactions in Chemistry and Biology
Gertz Likhtenshtein
Dept of Chemistry
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Beersheba
Israel
https://books.google.com/books?id=1CG8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=biological+cell+electron+spin+in+magnetic+field&source=bl&ots=VRkMgQFP8L&sig=z0qgBfowFz6iDS3zCjfjJ-j54Pk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjst9XcmoPRAhUo1oMKHWAJBfMQ6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=biological%20cell%20electron%20spin%20in%20magnetic%20field&f=false

Bioeffects of Static Magnetic Fields: Oxidative Stress, Genotoxic Effects, and Cancer Studies

Abstract

The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/602987/

Synergistic inhibitory effect of static magnetic field and antitumor drugs on Hepa1-6 cells

Abstract

Chemotherapy as a routine method for clinical treatment of cancer has disadvantages such as significant toxicity and strong resistance. In order to improve the efficacy of the drugs and reduce the by-effects, we tried to combine static magnetic field (SMF) with cisplatin or adriamycin. The growth of Hepa1-6 cells treated with the static magnetic field (SMF) combined with cisplatin or adriamycin was significantly inhibited, as detected with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) test. Combined treatment group cells underwent significant morphological changes as observed by HE (Hematoxylin and eosin) staining under optical microscope. Cell cycle analysis indicated that SMF increased the ratio of cells arrested in G2/M phase caused by cisplatin, and when treated with SMF combined with adriamycin, cells were almost arrested in G1 and G2/M phase. SCGE test showed that SMF can enhance the ability of cisplatin or adriamycin to promote cell DNA damage. Atomic force microscope observation found that the combination of antitumor drugs and magnetic field treatment induced larger and deeper holes on the cell membrane, and surface structure damage is serious. The combination of antitumor drugs and magnetic field technology effectively inhibits the growth of tumor cells, and reduces drug doses. The results implicate this method as potential cancer therapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26955714

Exposure to Strong Static Magnetic Field Slows the Growth of Human Cancer Cells In Vitro

 Reductions of 19.04 k 7.3296, 22.06 k 6.19%, and 40.68 ? 8.31 % were measured for the melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and lymphoma cell lines, respectively, vs. control groups not exposed to the magnetic field. Multicycle flow cytometry revealed that the cell cycle was largely unaltered. Pulsed-field electrophoresis analysis revealed no increase in DNA breaks related to magnetic field exposure. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to a very strong magnetic field appeared to inhibit the growth of threc human tumor cell lines in vitro. The mechanism underlying this effect has not, as yet, been identified, although alteration of cell growth cycle and gross fragmentation of DNA have been excluded as possible contributory factors. Future investigations of this phenomenon may have a significant impact on the future understanding and treatment of cancer.
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/38293/?sequence=1

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PULSATING MAGNETIC FIELDS: ROLE OF SOLITONS

In this paper, we analyze biological effects produced by magnetic fields in order to elucidate the physical mechanisms, which can produce them.

We show that there is a chierarchy of such mechanisms and that the mutual interplay between them can result in the synergetic outcome. In particular, we analyze the biological effects of magnetic fields on soliton mediated charge transport in the redox processes in living organisms.

Such solitons are described by nonlinear systems of equations and represent electrons that are self-trapped in alpha-helical polypeptides due to the moderately strong electron-lattice interaction. They represent a particular type of disssipativeless large polarons in low-dimensional systems.

We show that the effective mass of solitons in the is different from the mass of free electrons, and that there is a resonant effect of the magnetic fields on the dynamics of solitons, and, hence, on charge transport that accompanies photosynthesis and respiration.

These effects can result in non-thermal resonant effects of magnetic fields on redox processes in particular, and on the metabolism of the organism in general.

This can explain physical mechanisms of therapies based on applying magnetic fields.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1411/1411.6576.pdf

Experimental evidence for 60 Hz magnetic fields operating through the signal transduction cascade: Effects on calcium influx and c-MYC mRNA induction

 Significantly, lymphocytes exposed to the combination of magnetic fields plus suboptimal Con-A responded with an approximate 3.0-fold increase in band intensity of c-MYC mRNA transcripts. 

Importantly, transcripts for the housekeeping gene GAPDH were not influenced by mitogen or magnetic fields. We also observed that lymphocytes that failed to exhibit increased calcium influx in response to magnetic fields plus Con-A, also failed to exhibit an increase in total copies of c-MYC mRNA. 

Thus, calcium influx and c-MYC mRNA expression, which are sequentially linked via the signal transduction cascade in contrast to GAPDH, were both increased by magnetic fields. 

These findings support the above ST hypothesis and provide experimental evidence for a general biological framework for understanding magnetic field interactions with the cell through signal transduction. 

In addition, these findings indicate that magnetic fields can act as a co-stimulus at suboptimal levels of mitogen; pronounced physiological changes in lymphocytes such as calcium influx and c-MYC mRNA induction were not triggered by a weak mitogenic signal unless accompanied by a magnetic field. 

Magnetic fields, thus, have the ability to potentiate or amplify cell signaling.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001457939380699U

Specific region of the c-myc promoter is responsive to electric and magnetic fields

Abstract

The level of c-myc transcripts is increased in cells exposed to extremely low frequency (elf) electromagnetic (EM) fields at 60 Hz. The aim of the present experiments was to determine if regulatory regions upstream of the c-myc gene modulate the response to EM fields. DNA upstream of P1 of both mouse and human c-myc genes was transfected into cells as CAT constructs. The presence of DNA 5' to the human or mouse myc genes results in increased expression of CAT following 20 min exposures of cells to 60 Hz elf EM fields. Specific portions of the human upstream DNA were deleted and introduced into cells. The region responsive to EM fields is located between -353 and -1,257 relative to the P1 promoter.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14998175_Specific_region_of_the_c-myc_promoter_is_responsive_to_electric_and_magnetic_fields

Electromagnetic energy as a bridge between atomic and cellular levels in the genetics approach to cancer treatment.

Abstract

Literature on magnetic fields (MF) and gene expression, as well as on DNA damage, supports the hypothesis that electromagnetic energy may act at atomic level influencing genetic stability. According to quantum physics, MF act on the interconversion of singlet and triplet spin states, and therefore on genetic instability, activating oxidative processes connected to biological free radicals formation, particularly ROS. In the above frame, the results of in vitro and in vivo laboratory trials have been analyzed. The use of a static MF amplitude modulated by 50 Hz MF, with a time average total intensity of 5.5 mT, has been shown to influence tumor cell functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, p53 expression, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival in animals, evidence that MF can be more effective than chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide) in inhibiting metastatic spread and growth, having synergistic activity with chemotherapy (Cis-platin), and no observable side effects or toxicity in animals or in humans. The beneficial biological/clinical effects observed, without any adverse effects, have been confirmed by various authors and augur well for the potentiality of this new approach to treat genetically based diseases like cancer. Further studies are needed to develop a quantum physics approach to biology, allowing a stable bridge to be built between atomic and cellular levels, therefore developing quantum biology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714380

Investigation on the effect of static magnetic field up to 30 mT on viability percent, proliferation rate and IC50 of HeLa and fibroblast cells.

Abstract

We have investigated the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on the viability of the human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line and fibroblast cells. The cells were cultured in DMEM medium and treated several times (24, 48,72 and 96 h) and at several intensities (5, 10, 20 and 30 mT) of magnetic field (MF). The cytotoxicity and cell viability percent in treated cells were performed using MTT assay by evaluating mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The MF ability on inducing cell death or inhibiting biochemical function was reported as cell death percent. The results showed that the increase of MF intensity and the time that cells were exposed to this treatment increased sharply cell death percent and proliferation rate in HeLa cell compare to fibroblast cells. Our data suggest that SMF biological effects on cell death were different in our selected targets. Cell type and time of exposure have been therefore found to be significant factors. These findings could be used to improve new effective method using SMF in conjunction with the common therapeutic approaches.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26444195

Moderate intensity static magnetic fields affect mitotic spindles and increase the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU and Taxol.

Abstract

Microtubules are the fundamental components in mitotic spindle, which plays essential roles in cell division. It was well known that purified microtubules could be affected by static magnetic fields (SMFs) in vitro because of the diamagnetic anisotropy of tubulin. However, whether these effects lead to cell division defects was unknown. Here we find that 1T SMFs induce abnormal mitotic spindles and increase mitotic index. Synchronization experiments show that SMFs delay cell exit from mitosis and cause mitotic arrest. These mimic the cellular effects of a microtubule-targeting drug Paclitaxel (Taxol), which is frequently used in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin in cancer treatment. Using four different human cancer cell lines, HeLa, HCT116, CNE-2Z and MCF7, we find that SMFs increase the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU or 5-FU/Taxol, but not Cisplatin, which indicates that the SMF-induced combinational effects with chemodrugs are drug-specific. Our study not only reveals the effect of SMFs on microtubules to cause abnormal mitotic spindles and delay cells exit from mitosis, but also implies the potential applications of SMFs in combination with chemotherapy drugs 5-FU or 5-FU/Taxol, but not with Cisplatin in cancer treatment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26775206

The paradigm of biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) and the formation of an International Association (IABC) for BCEC systems.

Abstract

Matter is condensed energy. Matter derived from electromagnetic energy, supplied with the electrically powered BCEC systems (biologically closed electric circuits) inherits prerequisites to become biological matter. This is possible because mechanisms of BCEC systems contain the capacity to initiate structuring and functioning of matter. The principle of BCEC systems, their actual and potential importance for structure and function in biology and medicine, has been presented only in the form of a survey. Only few examples of the impact of the BCEC systems have been described. For detailed information, the reader is advised to take part of the original background articles by means of the reference list, which extends beyond the selected descriptions. Thereby it is hoped that the reader may get an understanding of the central biological role of the BCEC systems. They represent in this partial theory of the biological evolution a key mechanism which may provide the important primary steps that are necessary for the transfer of non-biological into biological matter. Second, also other factors are evidently contributing to biological differentiation, including for instance the principle of differential selection of species. Due to their basic role, the BCEC systems can nevertheless be recognized to be involved in the majority of structural and functional expressions in biology. This rests on the fact that our physical world once developed from energy and specifically its representation of electric energy. It has also been emphasised that electric energy is equivalent to the remarkable Oriental concept of Qi ("life energy"). Differences are predominantly a matter of semantics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7531025

http://hemingway.softwarelivre.org/ttsoares/Bjorn_Nordenstrom/Dr.%20Bjorn%20Nordenstrom%20-%20Biologically%20Closed%20Electric%20Circuits.pdf

Targeted treatment of cancer with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies

In the past century, there have been many attempts to treat cancer with low levels of electric and magnetic fields.

We have developed noninvasive biofeedback examination devices and techniques and discovered that patients with the same tumor type exhibit biofeedback responses to the same, precise frequencies.

Intrabuccal administration of 27.12 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF), which are amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies, results in long-term objective responses in patients with cancer and is not associated with any significant adverse effects.

Intrabuccal administration allows for therapeutic delivery of very low and safe levels of EMF throughout the body as exemplified by responses observed in the femur, liver, adrenal glands, and lungs.

In vitro studies have demonstrated that tumor-specific frequencies identified in patients with various forms of cancer are capable of blocking the growth of tumor cells in a tissue- and tumor-specific fashion.

Current experimental evidence suggests that tumor-specific modulation frequencies regulate the expression of genes involved in migration and invasion and disrupt the mitotic spindle.

This novel targeted treatment approach is emerging as an appealing therapeutic option for patients with advanced cancer given its excellent tolerability.

Dissection of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the anti-cancer effects of tumor-specific modulation frequencies is likely to lead to the discovery of novel pathways in cancer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845545/

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect proliferation and mitochondrial activity of human cancer cell lines.

PURPOSE:

To date, the effects of electromagnetic fields on cell metabolism have been overlooked. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) over mitochondrial metabolism and the consequent impact on cancer cell growth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The effects of ELF-EMF on cancer growth were investigated in several human cancer cell lines by crystal violet assay. The modulation of mitochondrial activity was assessed by cytofluorimetric evaluation of membrane potential and by real-time quantification of mitochondrial transcription. Moreover the expression of several mitochondrial proteins and their levels in the organelle were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The long-term exposure to ELF-EMF reduced the proliferation of several cancer cell lines and the effect was associated to an increased mitochondrial activity without evident changes in ATP levels. The results of our experiments excluded a transcriptional modulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, rather suggesting that ELF-EMF increased the energy demand. The altered mitochondrial metabolism led to changes in mitochondrial protein profile. In fact we found a downregulated expression of mitochondrial phospho-ERK, p53 and cytochrome c.

CONCLUSION:

The results of the present study indicate that ELF-EMF can negatively modulate cancer cell growth increasing respiratory activity of cells and altering mitochondrial protein expression.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762464

Study of Electromagnetic Fields on Cellular Systems

These results suggest that MF produce quantitative alterations in protein. The DNA gel results do not show signifi cant variations and there is no evidence of apoptosis when a MF of 19 mT at 8 Hz is used. This result coincide with other studies performed on neuroblastoma where a MF of 1 – 2 mT was applied at the rate of 50 – 60 Hz and no apoptosis was present (Pirozzoli et al., 2003). In conclusion, this paper shows that a MF of 19 mT at a rate of 8 Hz can produces alterations in the cells. However more research is need to fully conclude the effects of EMF.
http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/1580.pdf